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<\/p>Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a label-free technique used to quantify molecular interactions by directly measuring the heat released or absorbed during a binding or partitioning process. The experiment is performed at a constant temperature, allowing the determination of thermodynamic parameters without modifying the interacting molecules.<\/p>
In a typical ITC experiment, one reactant is placed in the sample cell, while the second is injected in small aliquots from a syringe. Each injection produces a heat signal proportional to the interaction between the molecules. As binding sites become saturated, the heat signal gradually decreases. Integration of the heat peaks generates a binding or partition curve that can be analyzed to determine the partition coefficient (or binding constant), enthalpy (\u0394H), entropy (\u0394S), and Gibbs free energy (\u0394G). In membrane studies, ITC is commonly used to quantify the partition of molecules into lipid bilayers and to characterize the thermodynamics of membrane interactions.<\/p>
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