A ternary bilayer composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), cholesterol (CHOL), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DPPCA) integrates neutral phospholipid fluidity, sterol ordering, and anionic headgroup effects. POPC forms a fluid bilayer matrix at physiological temperature, while cholesterol condenses and stiffens the membrane, increasing thickness and decreasing solute permeability. The addition of DPPCA introduces negative surface charge, promoting electrostatic interactions and potential domain formation. Charged lipids, particularly in the presence of cholesterol, influence lateral organization and phase separation.<\/p>
Such ternary mixtures capture essential features of biological membranes\u2014fluidity, sterol modulation, and surface charge\u2014and are widely used in biophysical studies to probe membrane structure, dynamics, and permeability regulation.<\/p>
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